Effect of weight satisfaction on adolescent facial and dental satisfaction.

PURPOSE: To investigate if facial and dental satisfaction is related to body fat percentage and body weight satisfaction. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to adolescents from a Private School in Southern Brazil containing sociodemographic (sex and age) and self-perception variables. Adolescents were asked about their perceptions concerning dental problems. Body fat percentage was collected using bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: A total of 372 adolescents were examined. Most adolescents were satisfied with their dental (81.7%) and facial appearance (87.6%), while 39% of adolescents were satisfied with their body weight. Poisson regression model showed that adolescents who expressed satisfaction with their body weight (PR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.19) and were satisfied with their dental appearance (PR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.41) exhibited a positive association with facial satisfaction. Adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97), those reporting dental pain (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97), and individuals with obesity (PR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.83-0.99) demonstrated a decrease in facial satisfaction. Adolescents aged 16 to 19 years (PR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15) and those satisfied with their facial appearance (PR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.01-1.43) exhibited a higher prevalence of dental satisfaction. Conversely, adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.82) and those with misaligned teeth (PR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.55-0.73) reported lower levels of dental satisfaction. Parametric g-formula analysis found that the association between body fat and facial satisfaction was mediated by body weight satisfaction (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: While dental satisfaction was not influenced by corporeal characteristics, facial satisfaction was influenced by dental and body weight satisfaction. Obese adolescents had low facial satisfaction.

[Usefulness of e-consultation in cardiology]. / Utilidad de la teleconsulta en cardiología.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The development of IT tools and interlevel relationships in the management of the most prevalent processes has led to a semi-presential assessment approach. In cardiology, this form of assessment is possible through a close collaboration with primary care. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of our e-consultation program and to establish the effectiveness of this new form of assistance. METHODS: Single-center study that included e-consultations referred from 15 September 2021 to 30 September 2022. Subsequently, we analyzed the events in which patients were discharged directly during the e-consultation with no need for an on-site visit. RESULTS: We included 3,155 e-consultations. The mean age of the patients was 57±17.6 years. Of the consultations, 75% were answered within 48h (62% within 24h). A total of 1,988 patients completed one year of follow-up in e-consultation. Out of these, 1,278 patients (64.2%) were discharged from the e-consultation with no need for an on-site visit: 685 patients (53.5%) during the first consultation, and 593 (46.5%) upon request of a complementary test. After one year of follow-up, 13 patients (0.006%) were admitted due to cardiological pathology, and 16 patients (0.008%) died, only one due to cardiovascular causes. The mean age of the deceased was 80.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: E-consultation as a single referral system from primary care to cardiology improves patient accessibility, speeds up patient assessment and is effective for patients discharged without the need for an on-site consultation.

Implante endoscópico de mioblastos autólogos en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo y evaluación de su eficacia en conejos sometidos a esfinterotomía / Endoscopic implantation of autologous myoblasts for stress urinary incontinence and evaluation of its efficacy in sphincterotomized rabbits

Introducción La incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) constituye uno de los problemas de salud con mayor impacto en la vida de las personas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar una terapia para IUE dentro de la ingeniería de tejidos mediante aislamiento y cultivo de mioblastos autólogos (MAC), su implante endoscópico y el estudio de su eficacia en un modelo de incontinencia por esfinterotomía desarrollado en conejos. Materiales y métodos Se utilizaron conejos Nueva Zelanda, machos, sanos. Los animales fueron primero sangrados para obtención del plasma pobre en plaquetas (PPP) y biopsiados para el aislamiento de mioblastos. Posesfinterotomía, fueron divididos en dos grupos: grupo tratado (representado por aquellos animales que recibieron MAC resuspendidos en PPP) y grupo control (representado por aquellos animales que recibieron solo PPP). Se utilizó el punto de presión de pérdida (LPP) para medir la continencia de ambos grupos en diferentes instancias. Los resultados se evaluaron con modelos de regresión lineal jerárquica. Se efectuaron también estudios histológicos sobre los esfínteres de los conejos una vez finalizado el seguimiento. Resultados No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores basales de LPP de cada grupo. Los valores posesfinterotomía de ambos grupos estuvieron por debajo del 50% del valor basal, condición necesaria para considerarlos sujetos incontinentes. Los valores posimplante del grupo tratado fueron superiores al 50% del valor basal, permitiendo suponer una recuperación de la continencia. Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los valores de LPP entre los dos grupos de tratamiento (p=0,003). El estudio histológico en el grupo tratado reveló islas interconectadas formadas por fibras musculares, mientras que en el grupo control se observó tejido conectivo periférico a la luz de la uretra e infiltrado inflamatorio. Discusión y conclusiones ... (AU)

Introduction Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is one of the health problems with more impact on patients’ lives. The aim of the present work was to develop a therapy for SUI using tissue engineering by isolation and culture of autologous myoblasts (CAM) followed by endoscopic implantation. We also evaluated the efficacy of this therapy in a rabbit model of incontinence after sphincterotomy. Materials and methods We used healthy male New Zealand rabbits. The animals were first bled to obtain platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and biopsied for myoblast isolation. Post-sphincterotomy, they were divided into two groups: the treatment group (including animals that received CAM resuspended in PPP) and the control group (including animals receiving only PPP). The leak-point pressure (LPP) was used to measure continence in both groups at different time points. The results were evaluated with hierarchical linear regression models. Histological evaluation of the rabbits’ sphincters was also performed at the end of follow-up. Results No statistically significant differences were observed between the baseline LPP values of each group. The post-sphincterotomy values of both groups were below 50% of the baseline value, which was a mandatory condition for incontinence. The post-implantation values of the treatment group were higher than 50% of the baseline value, which led us to assume continence recovery. A statistically significant difference was observed in the LPP values between the two treatment groups (p=0.003). Histological study revealed interconnected islands formed by muscle fibers in the treatment group, and connective tissue surrounding the urethral lumen and inflammatory infiltrate in the control group. Discussion and conclusions The implantation of CAM significantly improved LPP values in the treatment group, and the improvement remained throughout the evaluation period. ... (AU)

Endoscopic implantation of autologous myoblasts for stress urinary incontinence and evaluation of its efficacy in sphincterotomized rabbits.

INTRODUCTION: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is one of the health problems with more impact on patients' lives. The aim of the present work was to develop a therapy for SUI using tissue engineering by isolation and culture of autologous myoblasts (CAM) followed by endoscopic implantation. We also evaluated the efficacy of this therapy in a rabbit model of incontinence after sphincterotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used healthy male New Zealand rabbits. The animals were first bled to obtain platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and biopsied for myoblast isolation. Post-sphincterotomy, they were divided into two groups: the treatment group (including animals that received CAM resuspended in PPP) and the control group (including animals receiving only PPP). The leak-point pressure (LPP) was used to measure continence in both groups at different time points. The results were evaluated with hierarchical linear regression models. Histological evaluation of the rabbits' sphincters was also performed at the end of follow-up. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between the baseline LPP values of each group. The post-sphincterotomy values of both groups were below 50% of the baseline value, which was a mandatory condition for incontinence. The post-implantation values of the treatment group were higher than 50% of the baseline value, which led us to assume continence recovery. A statistically significant difference was observed in the LPP values between the two treatment groups (p=0.003). Histological study revealed interconnected islands formed by muscle fibers in the treatment group, and connective tissue surrounding the urethral lumen and inflammatory infiltrate in the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of CAM significantly improved LPP values in the treatment group, and the improvement remained throughout the evaluation period. It may be associated with the consistency of the implant and its stability at the injection site. Longer follow-up studies and human clinical investigations are required to consider CAM implantation as an alternative treatment for stress urinary incontinence.

Butyrate supplementation in the liquid diet of dairy calves leads to a rapid recovery from diarrhea and reduces its occurrence and relapses in the preweaning period.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous butyrate administration in dairy calves' liquid diet considering diarrhea, metabolic profile, gastrointestinal development, and corporal growth. Immediately after birth, calves were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 62 calves (50 females and 12 males), with access to water and a solid feed ad libitum. The butyrate group (BG) received 4 g/d of sodium butyrate (Admix Easy, Adisseo) diluted in the whole milk, and the control group (CG) received whole milk with no supplementation. Sodium butyrate was administered from d 1 of life until the weaning at 90 d. Feces consistency was assessed daily for the first 30 d of life and characterized by scores from 0 to 4 (0 and 1 for normal, and 2, 3, and 4 for abnormal feces). Diarrhea was diagnosed when the animals had abnormal feces and fever. Morbidity, recurrence, mortality, and lethality data were recorded and compared between the groups. Average daily gain (ADG) and corporal growth (body weight, thoracic perimeter, height at the withers, and croup width) were evaluated weekly, from the first day to d 30, and later at 45, 60, and 90 d of life. Blood samples were taken weekly for up to 30 d to determine the circulating levels of total calcium, phosphorus, chloride, bicarbonate, glucose, ß-hydroxybutyrate, and nonesterified fatty acids. The males were euthanized at 15 (n = 6 per group) and 30 d (n = 6 per group) for morphometric, histological, and gene expression analysis of the gastrointestinal tract. The results showed that the BG had a lower rate of morbidity (BG = 30% vs. CG = 50%) and recurrence (BG = 26.7% vs. CG = 60%) of diarrhea than the CG. In addition, the BG had abnormal feces for a shorter period (BG = 4.64 ± 0.47 d vs. CG = 8.6 ± 0.65 d). The ADG tended to be higher in BG than CG up to 30 and 60 d. Metabolic evaluations showed the lowest levels of glucose and highest levels of nonesterified fatty acids in BG. On d 30 of life, rumen papillae length, papilla area, duodenum villus length, and crypt depth were higher in BG than in CG. The duodenal gene expression at 30 d showed that animals with diarrhea episodes that did not receive butyrate had the highest levels of transcripts for the LCT and GLP2 genes. In addition, in different ways, both butyrate and neonatal diarrhea affected the gene expression of IGF1, SLC5A1, and AQP3. These results allow us to conclude that continuous supplementation with sodium butyrate improves gastrointestinal development, reduces the occurrence of diarrhea, and makes clinical conditions milder with faster recovery, favoring a higher ADG in the first 30 and 60 d of life. Based on these results, we conclude that sodium butyrate can be indicated for liquid diet supplementation to accelerate gastrointestinal tract development and prevent severe cases of neonatal diarrhea, tending to improve average daily gain until weaning.

Parental stress and dental caries experience in adolescents: analysis of data from a birth cohort study in Pelotas, Southern Brazil.

PURPOSE: Analyze the association between parental stress and dental caries experience in adolescents in southern Brazil using data from the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort. METHODS: Interviews and oral health examinations for the determination of the main exposure and outcome of the study were performed in the homes of the adolescents. The outcome was dental caries experience in the permanent dentition analyzed using the Decayed, Missing and Filling Surfaces (DMFS) index. The main exposure was parental stress measured using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form administered to the parents of the adolescents. Demographic/socioeconomic characteristics, oral health characteristics and oral health-related quality of life were considered potential confounding factors. Negative binomial regressions estimated mean ratios (MR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Nine hundred ninety-six adolescents were evaluated at 12 and 13 years of age. The prevalence of dental caries experience in the adolescents was 36.9% (95% CI: 33.8-40.0) and 15.1% (95% CI: 12.8-17.3) of the parents had parental stress. After adjusting for confounding factors, parental stress was associated with a higher mean number of decayed, missing and filling surfaces in the adolescents (MR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26; p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: Adolescents of parents with parental stress have more dental caries experience compared to those whose parents do not have parental stress.

On the nature of the interlayer magnetic interactions in biphase ferromagnetic films.

We report on the nature of the interlayer magnetic interactions in NiFe/Cu/Co films. By probing the quasi-static and dynamic magnetic properties of biphase ferromagnetic films, with soft and hard ferromagnetic phases intermediated by a non-magnetic layer, we address aspects of the coupling between magnetic layers. Our results demonstrate the nature of the interlayer magnetic coupling in biphase films. We also disclose the asymmetric magnetoimpedance effect as a fingerprint of the nature of the magnetic interlayer interactions playing key role in the magnetization dynamics of the system. We revisit in literature data and ideas on the asymmetric magnetoimpedance and the nature of the magnetic interactions in biphase ferromagnetic systems. Then, we compare our findings with results for biphase ribbons and microwires. Our observations raise the fundamental similarities and differences in the asymmetric magnetoimpedance of these structures.

Sweet Taste Receptor Gene and Caries Trajectory in the Life Course.

This study aims to investigate whether the trajectory of dental caries in the life course is associated with rs307355 (TAS1R3) and rs35874116 (TAS1R2) and if there is an epistatic association between rs307355 (TAS1R3) and rs35874116 (TAS1R2). A representative sample of all 5,914 births from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort was prospectively investigated, and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF-T) components were assessed at ages 15 (n = 888), 24 (n = 720), and 31 (n = 539) y. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify groups with similar trajectories of DMF-T components in the life course. Genetic material was collected, and rs307355 (TAS1R3) and rs35874116 (TAS1R2) were genotyped. Ethnicity was evaluated using ADMIXTURE. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction software was used to investigate epistatic interactions. Considering rs307355 (TAS1R3) in the additive effect, the genotype TT was associated with the high decayed trajectory group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-17.74) and the high missing trajectory group (OR = 3.35; 95% CI, 1.09-10.26). In the dominant effect, the genotype CT/TT was associated with the high decayed trajectory group (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.14-2.35). Allele T was associated with an increased odds of 64% (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.20-2.25) for the decayed component and 41% (OR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.04-1.92) for the missing component. No associations were observed between rs307355 (TAS1R3) and the filled component. rs35874116 (TAS1R2) was not associated with DMF-T components. Positive epistatic interactions were observed involving rs307355 (TAS1R3) and rs35874116 (TAS1R2) with the decayed component (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.04-2.84). Thus, rs307355 (TAS1R3) genotypes and alleles seem positively associated with the trajectory of decayed and missing components in the life course. Epistatic interaction between rs307355 and rs35874116 may increase the decayed caries trajectory.

Street scars: Suicide ideation and suicide attempt among street-involved adolescents and youth in southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts as well as suicide attempts' associated factors among street-involved youth in southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study was conducted with street-involved adolescents and children from Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, Brazil. METHODS: A respondent-driven sampling strategy was used to access this hard-to-reach population quickly and efficiently. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted, with the latter being binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of suicide attempts was 16.3%, while the frequency of suicidal ideation was 30.9%. Most participants were male, aged between 16 and 18 years, with no ties to school and family. Almost half of the sample had been in a street situation for five years or more, and two-thirds reported spending more than seven hours a day on the streets. Variables independently associated with suicide attempts were aged 19-21 years old, with reduced ties with school and family, having had an experience of sexual abuse, and lifetime use of crack. CONCLUSIONS: Public policies targeting the strengthening ties of street-involved children, adolescents, and youth with school and family might reduce their vulnerability to threats, such as sexual abuse and use of crack, and hence focus on decreasing suicide attempts.

Early Challenge with Oncogenic Marek's Disease Virus Does Not Interfere with Load of Marek's Disease Vaccines DNA in the Feather Pulp at 7 Days of Age.

In the last decade, monitoring Marek's disease (MD) vaccination by real-time PCR has become a common practice. Evaluating in vivo replication of MD vaccines in the feather pulp (FP) at 7 days of age provides information on how well a flock has been vaccinated. Factors such as vaccine dose, combination with other vaccines, age and route of vaccination, and the origin of the vaccine can influence the results and need to be taken into consideration. Early infection with oncogenic MD virus (MDV) could also affect how vaccines replicate in the first week and therefore might influence the results. The objective of this study was to evaluate if coinfection with oncogenic MDV could affect MD vaccine DNA viral load in the FP at 7 days of age. A retrospective study was done using data from nine animal experiments (46 treatment groups) in which chickens were vaccinated against MD either in ovo or at 1 day of age and challenged with various oncogenic strains at 1 day of age by contact. In each experiment, vaccinated but not challenged groups were used as controls. Replication of MD vaccine was evaluated in samples of FP collected at 7 days of age by real-time PCR, and percentage of positives and vaccine load were analyzed. Our results show that CVI-988 (13 treatment groups), SB-1 (six treatment groups), and in most cases turkey herpesvirus (HVT; 24 out of 27 treatment groups) replication was not affected by early infection with oncogenic MDV. There were three treatment groups in which HVT replication differed between challenged and unchallenged chickens, however the effect was not clear; replication of HVT in nonchallenged chickens was higher (one treatment group) or lower (two treatment groups) than in challenged chickens and factors other than coinfection with MDV might have contributed to such differences.

Nota de investigación­El desafío temprano con un virus oncogénico de la enfermedad de Marek no interfiere con la carga de ADN de las vacunas contra la enfermedad de Marek en la pulpa de la pluma a los siete días de edad. En la última década, el seguimiento de la vacunación contra la enfermedad de Marek (EM) mediante PCR en tiempo real se ha convertido en una práctica común. La evaluación de la replicación in vivo de las vacunas de Marek en la pulpa de la pluma (FP) a los siete días de edad proporciona información sobre qué tan bien se ha vacunado una parvada. Factores como la dosis de la vacuna, la combinación con otras vacunas, la edad, la vía de vacunación y el origen de la vacuna pueden influir en los resultados y deben tenerse en cuenta. La infección temprana con un virus de Marek oncogénico (MDV) también podría afectar la forma en que las vacunas se replican en la primera semana y por lo tanto, podría influir en los resultados. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la coinfección con un virus de Marek oncogénico podría afectar la carga viral del ADN de la vacuna de Marek en la pulpa de la pluma a los siete días de edad. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo utilizando datos de nueve experimentos con animales (46 grupos de tratamientos) en los que se vacunaron pollos contra la enfermedad de Marek ya sea in ovo o al día de edad y se desafiaron con varias cepas oncogénicas al día de edad por contacto. En cada experimento, se utilizaron como controles los grupos vacunados, pero no desafiados. Se evaluó la replicación de la vacuna de Marek en muestras de pulpa de la pluma recolectadas a los siete días de edad por PCR en tiempo real, y se analizó el porcentaje de positivos y la carga vacunal. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la replicación de la cepa CVI-988 (13 grupos de tratamiento), la cepa SB-1 (seis grupos de tratamiento) y en la mayoría de los casos, del herpesvirus de pavo (HVT; 24 de 27 grupos de tratamiento) no se vio afectada por la infección temprana con un virus de Marek oncogénico. Hubo tres grupos de tratamiento en los que la replicación de la vacuna HVT difería entre pollos desafiados y no desafiados, sin embargo, el efecto no fue claro; la replicación de la vacuna HVT en pollos no desafiados fue mayor (un grupo de tratamiento) o menor (dos grupos de tratamiento) que en los pollos desafiados y otros factores distintos a la coinfección con el virus de la enfermedad de Marek podrían haber contribuido a tales diferencias.

Asociación entre la dependencia funcional, capacidad funcional y dolor, en personas mayores con artrosis severa de cadera / Association between functional dependence, functional capacity, and pain in older people with severe osteoarthritis of the hip

Antecedentes y objetivo: Determinar si existe asociación entre dependencia funcional, capacidad funcional e intensidad del dolor en personas mayores con artrosis de cadera. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal-analítico con reclutamiento consecutivo de 85 individuos. Se evaluó dependencia funcional (índice de Barthel), capacidad funcional (WOMAC) y dolor (escala numérica del dolor). Se determinaron diferencias en capacidad funcional y dolor, según la condición de dependencia funcional. Además, se analizó la correlación entre estas variables. Todos los análisis consideraron un nivel de significación de p<0,05. Resultados: Ochenta y cinco participantes (72,26±5,69 años de edad; 54,12% mujeres) fueron incluidos en el estudio. Los promedios para el índice de Barthel, WOMAC e intensidad del dolor fueron 94,00±9,35; 44,49±17,08 y 6,09±3,12 respectivamente. Del total de participantes 46 fueron clasificados como independientes. El análisis demostró que los participantes clasificados como dependientes presentaron un mayor puntaje en WOMAC-total (p=0,001), WOMAC-dolor (p=0,037), WOMAC-función (p<0,001) y dolor (p=0,010), con tamaños de efecto entre medio y grande. No se encontró diferencias en WOMAC-rigidez (p=0,184). Se encontró una correlación inversa, moderada y significativa entre los puntajes de WOMAC-total (p<0,001), WOMAC-dolor (p=0,007), WOMAC-función (p<0,001) e intensidad del dolor (p=0,002) con el puntaje de dependencia funcional de Barthel, pero no con WOMAC-rigidez (p=0,141). Conclusiones: Los individuos con artrosis de cadera avanzada dependientes funcionalmente tienen una capacidad funcional menor y una intensidad del dolor mayor que los clasificados como independientes. Esta información provee un insumo valioso para clínicos y para la planificación de estrategias de salud.

Background and aim: To determine the association between functional dependence, functional capacity, and pain intensity in older adults with hip osteoarthritis. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling of 85 participants. Functional dependence (Barthel Index), functional capacity (WOMAC questionnaire), and pain (Numerical Rating Scale) were measured. Differences between functional capacity and pain, depending on functional dependence status were determined. Moreover, correlation analyses were performed between these outcomes. All analyses considered a significance level of p<.05. Results: 85 participants (72.26±5.69 years old; 54.12% women) were included. Mean values for Barthel Index, WOMAC, and pain intensity were 94.00±9.35; 44.49±17.08 and 6.09±3.12, respectively. Of the total participants, 46 were classified as independent. The analysis showed that participants classified as dependent exhibited a higher score in WOMAC-total (p=.001), WOMAC-pain (p=.037), WOMAC-function (p<.001), and pain intensity (p=.01), with medium to high effect sizes. No differences were seen in WOMAC-stiffness (p=.184). An inversed, moderate correlation between the Barthel Index and WOMAC-total (p<.001), WOMAC-pain (p=.007), WOMAC-function (p<.001) and pain intensity (p=.002) were seen, but not in WOMAC-stiffness (p = .141). Conclusion: Functionally dependent older adults with advanced hip osteoarthritis have lower functional capacity and higher pain intensity than those classified as functionally independent. This information provides a valuable insight for clinicians to plan future health strategies.

Establishment of Age-Specific Whole Blood Biochemistry and Gas Reference Intervals in Broiler Chickens using the i-STAT and the Vetscan VS2 Portable Analyzers.

Whole blood biochemistry and blood gas analysis are uncommonly used in poultry, but their use could improve the diagnosis of certain diseases or aid in monitoring flock health. To create preliminary reference intervals for selected blood analytes in broilers using the i-STAT and Vetscan VS2 (VS2) portable analyzers, we tested broilers at 7, 21, and 35 days of age. A total of 134 venous blood samples from healthy chickens of two different flocks were analyzed. There were significant age-related increases in concentration for glucose, hematocrit, ionized calcium, sodium, and carbon dioxide partial pressure on the i-STAT and for aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, total calcium, phosphorus, and total protein on the VS2. Conversely, significant decreases in concentration were observed for pH, oxygen partial pressure, oxygen saturation on the i-STAT and for uric acid and albumin on the VS2. Additionally, significant differences were found on some blood parameters among the two flocks. Extremely high CK values were found on broilers after 21 days of age, indicating a possible degree of muscle injury during the grow-out. Preliminary reference intervals for all the analytes at each of the age groups were obtained. This study's data provide a starting point for the interpretation of blood analysis in broiler chickens at different ages and offer a new approach to investigate certain metabolic diseases that affect commercial poultry.

Nota de investigación- Establecimiento de intervalos de referencia de gases y bioquímica de sangre completa específicos por edad en pollos de engorde utilizando los analizadores portátiles i-STAT y Vetscan VS2. La bioquímica de sangre completa y el análisis de gases sanguíneos se usan con poca frecuencia en avicultura, pero su uso podría mejorar el diagnóstico de ciertas enfermedades o ayudar a monitorear la salud de las parvadas. Para crear intervalos de referencia preliminares para componentes sanguíneos selectos en pollos de engorde utilizando los analizadores portátiles i-STAT y Vetscan VS2 (VS2), se analizaron muestras de pollos de engorde a los 7, 21 y 35 días de edad. Se analizaron un total de 134 muestras de sangre venosa de pollos sanos de dos parvadas diferentes. Hubo aumentos significativos relacionados con la edad en la concentración de glucosa, hematocrito, calcio ionizado, sodio y presión parcial de dióxido de carbono en el i-STAT, y para aspartato aminotransferasa, creatina quinasa (CK), calcio total, fósforo y proteína total en el VS2. Por otro lado, se observaron disminuciones significativas en la concentración para el pH, la presión parcial de oxígeno, la saturación de oxígeno en el i-STAT y para el ácido úrico y la albúmina en el VS2. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas para los parámetros sanguíneos entre las dos parvadas. Se encontraron valores de creatina quinasa extremadamente altos en pollos de engorde después de los 21 días de edad, lo que indica un posible grado de lesión muscular durante el engorde. Se obtuvieron los intervalos de referencia preliminares para todos los componentes en cada uno de los grupos de edad. Los datos de este estudio proporcionan un punto de partida para la interpretación del análisis de sangre en pollos de engorde a diferentes edades y ofrecen un nuevo enfoque para investigar ciertas enfermedades metabólicas que afectan a las aves comerciales.

Evidence of sheep and abattoir environment as important reservoirs of multidrug resistant Salmonella and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli.

The increase in antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) foodborne pathogens, including E. coli and Salmonella in animals, humans, and the environment, is a growing public health concern. Among animals, cattle, pigs, and chicken are reservoirs of these pathogens worldwide. There is a knowledge gap on the prevalence and AMR of foodborne pathogens in small ruminants (i.e., sheep and goats). This study investigates the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli and Salmonella from sheep and their abattoir environment in North Carolina. We conducted a year-round serial cross-sectional study and collected a total of 1128 samples from sheep (n = 780) and their abattoir environment (n = 348). Sheep samples consisted of feces, cecal contents, carcass swabs, and abattoir resting area feces. Environmental samples consisted of soil samples, lairage swab, animal feed, and drinking water for animals. We used CHROMAgar EEC with 4 µg/ml of Cefotaxime for isolating ESBL E. coli, and ESBL production was confirmed by double-disk diffusion test. Salmonella was isolated and confirmed using standard methods. All of the confirmed isolates were tested against a panel of 14 antimicrobials to elucidate susceptibility profiles. The prevalence of ESBL E. coli and Salmonella was significantly higher in environmental samples (47.7% and 65.5%) compared to the sheep samples (19.5% and 17.9%), respectively (P < 0.0001). We recovered 318 ESBL E. coli and 368 Salmonella isolates from sheep and environmental samples. More than 97% (310/318) of ESBL E. coli were multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistant to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials). Most Salmonella isolates (77.2%, 284/368) were pansusceptible, and 10.1% (37/368) were MDR. We identified a total of 24 different Salmonella serotypes by whole genome sequencing (WGS). The most common serotypes were Agona (19.8%), Typhimurium (16.2%), Cannstatt (13.2%), Reading (13.2%), and Anatum (9.6%). Prevalence and percent resistance of ESBL E. coli and Salmonella isolates varied significantly by season and sample type (P < 0.0001). The co-existence of ESBL E. coli in the same sample was associated with increased percent resistance of Salmonella to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Sulfisoxazole, Streptomycin, and Tetracycline. We presumed that the abattoir environment might have played a great role in the persistence and dissemination of resistant bacteria to sheep as they arrive at the abattoir. In conclusion, our study reaffirms that sheep and their abattoir environment act as important reservoirs of AMR ESBL E. coli and MDR Salmonella in the U.S. Further studies are required to determine associated public health risks.

Effects of lycopene from guava (Psidium guajava L.) derived products on breast cancer cells.

Polyphenols, condensed tannins, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, lycopene and ascorbic acid were determined besides verifying antioxidant capacity of peel, pulp and desserts (with and without sugar) of red guava (Psidium guajava L.) as well as the effects of lycopene on cytotoxicity, cell cycle and apoptosis on breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Guava peel contains 90% of the total ascorbic acid and heat treatment does not modify bioactive compounds content and antioxidant capacity. Sugar addition decreased guava pulp functional capacity. After heat treatment, lycopene content was stable, but sugar addition reduced its concentration by 57%. Lycopene (10 µM) extracted from guava and standard presented the same cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells. Lycopene influenced over G2-M transition check-point of the cell cycle and increased apoptotic cells percentages compared to untreated cells. The consumption of in natura guava, especially with peel can be considered an important source of bioactive compounds.

Magnetic nanoparticles hyperthermia in a non-adiabatic and radiating process.

We investigate the magnetic nanoparticles hyperthermia in a non-adiabatic and radiating process through the calorimetric method. Specifically, we propose a theoretical approach to magnetic hyperthermia from a thermodynamic point of view. To test the robustness of the approach, we perform hyperthermia experiments and analyse the thermal behavior of magnetite and magnesium ferrite magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in water submitted to an alternating magnetic field. From our findings, besides estimating the specific loss power value from a non-adiabatic and radiating process, thus enhancing the accuracy in the determination of this quantity, we provide physical meaning to a parameter found in literature that still remained not fully understood, the effective thermal conductance, and bring to light how it can be obtained from experiment. In addition, we show our approach brings a correction to the estimated experimental results for specific loss power and effective thermal conductance, thus demonstrating the importance of the heat loss rate due to the thermal radiation in magnetic hyperthermia.

Maternal supplementation with cobalt sources, folic acid, and rumen-protected methionine and its effects on molecular and functional correlates of the immune system in neonatal Holstein calves.

Calves born to multiparous Holstein cows fed during the last 30 d of pregnancy 2 different cobalt sources [cobalt glucoheptonate (CoPro) or cobalt pectin (CoPectin)], folic acid (FOA), and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) were used to study neonatal immune responses after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Groups were (n = 12 calves/group) CoPro, FOA+CoPro, FOA+CoPectin, and FOA+CoPectin+RPM. Calves were weighed at birth and blood collected at birth (before colostrum), 21 d of age, and 42 d of age (at weaning). Growth performance was recorded once a week during the first 6 wk of age. Energy metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status were assessed at birth through various plasma biomarkers. Whole blood was challenged with 3 µg/mL of LPS or used for phagocytosis and oxidative burst assays. Target genes evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR in whole blood samples were associated with immune response, antioxidant function, and 1-carbon metabolism. The response in mRNA abundance in LPS challenged versus nonchallenged samples was assessed via Δ = LPS challenged - LPS nonchallenged samples. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity were measured in neutrophils and monocytes, with data reported as ratio (percentage) of CD14 to CH138A-positive cells. Data including all time points were subjected to ANOVA using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), with Treatment, Sex, Age, and Treatment × Age as fixed effects. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine differences at birth, with Treatment and Sex as fixed effects. Calf birth body weight and other growth parameters did not differ between groups. At birth, plasma haptoglobin concentration was lower in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. We detected no effect for other plasma biomarkers or immune function due to maternal treatments at birth. Compared with CoPro, in response to LPS challenge, whole blood from FOA+CoPectin and FOA+CoPectin+RPM calves had greater mRNA abundance of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). No effect for other genes was detectable. Regardless of maternal treatments, sex-specific responses were observed due to greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, total reactive oxygen metabolites, nitrite, and ß-carotene in female versus male calves at birth. In contrast, whole blood from male calves had greater mRNA abundance of IRAK1, CADM1, and ITGAM in response to LPS challenge at birth. The longitudinal analysis of d 0, 21, and 42 data revealed greater bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI) mRNA abundance in whole blood from FOA+CoPectin versus FOA+CoPro calves, coupled with greater abundance in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. Regardless of maternal treatments, most genes related to cytokines and cytokine receptors (IL1B, IL10, TNF, IRAK1, CXCR1), toll-like receptor pathway (TLR4, NFKB1), adhesion and migration (ICAM1, ITGAM), antimicrobial function (MPO), and antioxidant function (GPX1) were downregulated over time. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity in both neutrophils and monocytes did not differ due to maternal treatment. Regardless of maternal treatments, we observed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils capable of phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity over time. Overall, these preliminary assessments suggested that maternal supplementation with FOA and Co combined with RPM had effects on a few plasma biomarkers of inflammation at birth and molecular responses associated with inflammatory mechanisms during the neonatal period.

Fuerza prensil en adultos chilenos sanos de 20 a 69 años: un estudio transversal / Grip strength in Chilean healthy adults from 20 to 69 years: A cross-sectional study

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar el rendimiento de fuerza prensil de las manos dominante y no dominante de hombres y mujeres entre 20 y 69 años de edad de la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile. Métodos A través de un muestreo estratificado no probabilístico por conveniencia, 401 sujetos sanos fueron reclutados y estratificados por quinquenios de edad. La fuerza prensil de las manos dominante y no dominante fueron medidas siguiendo el protocolo de la Sociedad Americana de Terapistas de Mano (ASHT, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados fueron estratificados y comparados según edad, sexo y dominancia. Resultados Un total de 401 sujetos (203 mujeres) fueron incluidos en el estudio, de los cuales el 94,8% tenía dominancia derecha. En general, la mano dominante de hombres y mujeres en cada quinquenio de edad tuvo una fuerza prensil más alta (p<0,05), y la diferencia entre manos dominante y no dominante en hombres y mujeres fue similar (∼4%). El peak de rendimiento de la mano dominante en hombres se observó entre los 25-29 años (46,2±6,6kg) y en mujeres entre los 40-44 años (29,7±3,7kg), mientras que en la mano no dominante, en hombres se observó entre los 50-54 años (43,2±6,3kg) y en mujeres entre los 40-44 (28,2±4,1kg). Conclusiones La fuerza prensil fue más alta en hombres en cada quinquenio de edad, sin embargo, los cambios de rendimiento por edad son diferentes entre hombres y mujeres. Por tanto, estas diferencias deberían ser tomadas en consideración cuando esta herramienta sea utilizada para valorar la funcionalidad de extremidad superior en población sana (AU)

Objective To characterize hand grip strength performance of the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand in men and women between 20 and 69 years of age from Valdivia, Chile. Methods Through a stratified non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, 401 healthy subjects were recruited and stratified in quinquennial age groups. Hand grip strength in the dominant hand and non-dominant hand was measured using the protocol established by the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT). Results were stratified and compared by age, sex, and hand dominancy. Results 401 subjects (203 women) completed the study, of whom ∼94% had right dominance. Overall, the dominant hand of the men and women exhibited better hand grip performance in every quinquennial age group (p<.05), and the difference between the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand in the men and women was similar (∼4%). Peak performance in the dominant hand was seen in the men aged between 25-29 (46.2±6.6kg) years while in the women it was between 40-44 years of age (29.7±3.7kg), whereas in the non-dominant hand peak performance was between the ages 50-54 in the men (43.2±6.3kg) and between 40-44 in the women (28.2±4.1kg). Conclusions As expected, grip strength was higher in men in every quinquennial group, nevertheless, changes in performance with age were different between the men and the women, therefore these differences should be taken into account when this tool is used to assess upper limb function in a healthy population (AU)

Comparison of two behavior management techniques used during mandibular block anesthesia among preschool children: a randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To compare the Tell-Show-Do Technique (TSD-T) with Hiding Dental-Needle Technique (HDN-T) based on children's anxiety, pain, and behavior during first-time mandibular block anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 52 children aged 3-5 years who had never received dental anesthesia and had at least one mandibular primary molar requiring extraction or pulpal therapy were included in the study. Children were randomly allocated into two groups: G1: TSD-T (n = 26) and G2: HDN-T (n = 26). This study included two sessions: intervention session (baseline) and control session (7 days after intervention). Facial Image Scale and Wong-Baker Pain Scale were used to evaluate anxiety and pain levels, respectively. Frankl Behavior Scale was used to assess children's behavior. RESULTS: Anxiety and pain levels were not statistically significant between G1 and G2 groups (p > 0.05). Similar results were observed for children's behavior rating (p > 0.05). Higher pain level was associated with younger children (rate ratios (RR) = 0.41; p = 0.016) and negative behavior (RR = 1.11; p < 0.001). On the other hand, in within-groups comparisons, there was a statistical difference in anxiety levels between intervention session and control session (p = 0.032) in G2. CONCLUSIONS: Even though there are no differences in the efficacy of TSD-T compared to HDN-T during first-time mandibular block anesthesia in preschool children in terms of children's anxiety, pain, and behavior, children from the HDN-T group can show reduced dental anxiety levels in the control sessions.

Could implant position influence the peri-implant parameters in edentulous mandibles of diabetics rehabilitated with overdentures? A split-mouth randomized study.

This randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of crestal level position of implants installed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients rehabilitated with overdentures. Twenty-two mandibular edentulous T2DM patients were submitted to implant placement for retention of an overdenture. By means of a split-mouth design, two implants were installed: one at supracrestal level (SL) and one at crestal level (CL). Clinical, immunoenzymatic and tomographic analyses were performed at prosthesis placement (baseline) and after 6, 12 and 24 months following implant loading. Increased peri-implant probing depths were detected in CL implants when compared with SL implants at all time-points (baseline P=0.047; 6 months P=0.014; 12 months P=0.027; 24 months P=0.036). Indeed, augmented clinical attachment levels were also detected in CL implants when compared with SL implants at all time-points (baseline P=003; 6 months P=0.045; 12 months P=0.029; 24 months P=0.026). CL implants demonstrated increased amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) at 6 months (P=0.043) and higher IL-17 (P=0.021), IL-21 (P=0.034) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations (P=0.030) at 24 months in comparison with SL implants. CL group revealed enhanced bone loss from baseline to 6 (P=0.032), 12 (P=0.043) and 24 months (P=0.028) when compared with SL. In conclusion, this study showed that implants placed supracrestally in T2DM patients rehabilitated with overdentures demonstrated lower bone loss and better clinical parameters with beneficial modulation of peri-implant immunoinflammatory biomarkers when compared with implants positioned at crestal level.

The posterior insular cortex is necessary for the consolidation of tone fear conditioning.

The insular cortex (IC) is notably implicated in emotional and cognitive processing; however, little is known regarding to what extent its two main subregions play functionally distinct roles on memory consolidation of conditioned fear tasks. Here we verified the effects of temporary functional inactivation of the anterior (aIC) and posterior IC (pIC) on contextual and tone fear memory. Rats received post-training bilateral infusions of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol into either the aIC or pIC and were tested 48 and 72 h after the delay tone fear conditioning session to assess the background contextual (CFC) and tone (TFC) fear conditioning, respectively. Inactivation of the aIC during memory consolidation did not affect fear memory for CFC or TFC. On the other hand, post-training inactivation of the pIC impaired TFC but not CFC. Our findings indicate that the pIC is a necessary part of the neural circuitry related to the consolidation of cued-fear memories.